Education Center: Glossary
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Glossary
 
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

 
Advanced (SAT-9 Performance Level)
SAT-9 performance standard that signifies superior performance beyond grade-level mastery.
 
Alternative School
An alternative school addresses needs of students which cannot typically be met in a regular school, provides nontraditional education, and falls outside of the categories of regular, magnet/special program emphasis, special, or vocational/technical education.
 
Attendance Rate
The mean (average) percentage of students being present at school.
 
Average Class Size
The mean (average) number of students per classroom during an instructional period.


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B

Bachelors Plus
The percentage of teachers that have earned more than a Bachelor's degree but not a Master's degree or higher.
 
Basic (SAT-9 Performance Level)
SAT-9 performance standard that signifies partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for satisfactory work.
 
Before and After Childcare Programs
Childcare that is available before the school day begins and after the school days ends.  Care provided on days school is closed.
 
Below Basic (SAT-9 Performance Level)
SAT 9 performance standard that signifies little or no mastery of fundamental knowledge and skills.
 
Board of Education
The elected or appointed body which has been vested with responsibilities for authorizing, financing, and evaluating the educational activities in a given school system, school, or geographic area. Such bodies sometimes are known by terms such as school boards, governing boards, boards of directors, school committees, and school trustees. This definition relates to the general term and encompasses the boards of both public and non-public institutions and school systems. Also known as Board of Trustees and School Board.
 
Bronze Tier
The lowest tier of the Tiered Rate Reimbursement System.  At this tier providers must be licensed by the Department of Health and meet the requirements of the Subsidy Childcare Provider Agreement.


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C

Certification in Field
Number of teachers who hold DC certification in the subject that they teach. DCPS teachers are required to be certified, but they do not necessarily teach the subject that they are certified in. Charter and private schools do not require teachers to be certified. 
 
Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
The Child and Adult Care Food Program provides reimbursement to licensed childcare facilities that offer healthy meals and snacks to children up to age twelve. CACFP also provides meals to adults who receive care in nonresidential adult daycare centers. CACFP reaches even further to provide meals to children residing in homeless shelters, and snacks and suppers to youths participating in eligible after school care programs. The Child and Adult Care Food Program is funded by the US Department of Agriculture and administered through the states. 
 
Childcare Center
Facilities that offer childcare in a center-based setting.  Centers range in size from as few as 6 children to as many as 400 children.
 
Childcare Family Homes
Facilities that offers child are in the home of a childcare provider.  Family childcare homes may have no more than five children at any one time and no more than two children under the age of two with one caregiver.


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D

Daycare
Childcare programs offered during the day while parents work.
 
Dropout
A student who was enrolled in school at some time during the previous school year; was not enrolled at the beginning of the current school year; has not graduated from high school or completed a state or district-approved educational program; and does not meet any of the following exclusionary conditions: has transferred to another public school district, private school, or state- or district-approved educational program; is temporarily absent due to suspension or school-approved illness; or has died.
 
Diploma, High School
A formal document certifying the successful completion of a secondary school program prescribed by the state education agency or other appropriate body.


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E

Elementary
A general level of instruction classified by state and local practice as elementary, composed of any span of grades not above grade 8 (for DC School Search, elementary schools with grades 7 and 8 are also classified as middle schools); preschool or kindergarten included only if it is an integral part of an elementary school or a regularly established school system. 
 
English Language Learner
A student whose primary language is not English and who has been identified to receive special English language instruction in school.
 
Extended Care
Extended care is a service to supplement the care of children in Head Start and public pre-k programs.  Head Start is a part-day part-year program that generally operates 6 hours per day for 10 months during the year.  Extended care provides child care services for up to 10 or more hours per day and for 12 months of the year.


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F

Free and Reduced Price Lunch
Students who are eligible for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Program under the National School Lunch Act.


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G

General Education
The number of elementary school teachers that teach multiple subjects to the same grade level.
 
Gold Tier
The highest tier in the Tiered Rate Reimbursement System.  At this tier childcare facilities have achieved national accreditation.  The reimbursement rate is highest for providers in this tier.
 
Graduation Rate
The number of students graduating with regular diplomas divided by number of students graduating with regular diplomas plus the number student dropouts for the last four years, multiplied by 100.


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H

Head Start
Head Start is a Federal direct service program providing comprehensive child and family development services for families with children from birth to age five. Head Start assists families with job skill development, employment search, and family counseling.  Head Start services for children focus on health, mental health, child development and early education services. The federal government, through the US Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Head Start Bureau provides funds to the District of Columbia for a Head Start State Collaboration project.


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I

Independent School
Schools that are independent in governance and finance. Independent schools are free to define their own mission and establish their own expectations for teacher credentials and student performance. Learn about the accreditation process of independent schools.


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J

Junior High
A general level of instruction classified by state and local practice as junior high, composed of any span of grades not below grade 6 and not above grade 9.


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K

Kindergarten
A group or class that is part of a public school program, and is taught during the year preceding first grade.


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L

Level
An indication of the level of the education institution


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M

Magnet School or Program
A school or program that offers a special curriculum (i.e., a course of study embracing subject matter or teaching methodology that is not generally offered to students of the same age or grade level as the students to whom the special curriculum is offered in the magnet schools) capable of attracting substantial numbers of students of different racial backgrounds.
 
Masters Plus
The percentage of teachers that have earned more than a Master's degree.
 
Middle
A general level of instruction classified by state and local practice as middle, composed of any span of grades not below grad 5 and not above grade 8.
 
Mobility Rate
The total number of students who transferred to or from different schools between October 1 and the end of the school year, divided by the total number of students in the school as of October 1, multiplied by 100 (also termed Student Turnover).


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N

Non-Coed Schools
A school that has a student body consisting of males and females.


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O

Out-of-Boundary Assignment
A DC Public School outside of the attendance boundary of ones neighborhood school.


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P

Parochial School
A private religious school run by a Catholic Church or Parish.  Learn more about faith-based schools.
 
Preschool
A child development facility that provides care for children ages three to five years old.  Preschools in the District of Columbia must meet the same license requirements as any other childcare facility. Some preschools follow an education model, such as Montessori or Waldorf. But most emphasize play for very young children, rather than academics. 
 
Private School
An educational institution that is operated by a non-governmental agency or organization. Private schools are established and controlled privately and supported by endowment and tuition. Private schools include boarding schools, faith-based schools, independent and proprietary schools. Learn more about private schools in DC.
 
Proficient (SAT-9 Performance Level)
SAT-9 performance standard that signifies solid academic performance, indicating that students are prepared for the next grade.
 
Public Charter School
A public school that is exempted from significant state or local rules that normally govern the operation and management of public schools. It is created by as a new public school, or is adapted from an existing public school, and is operated under public or private supervision and directions. It operates in pursuit of a specific set of education objectives determined by the school's developer and agreed to by the chartering agency and provides a program of elementary and secondary education, or both. It meets all applicable federal, health, and local health and safety requirements; and operates in accordance with state law. Learn more about local charter schools.
 
Public School
A  tuition free school which is funded by state taxes and controlled by the local school board or a state education agency. Learn more about public schools in DC.


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Q

Qualified under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 
The qualified individual is a person with mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), deaf-blindness, serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, multiple disabilities, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities. In addition, for individuals from birth to age two and individuals between the ages of three and nine, the qualified individual may be one who is experiencing developmental delays, as defined by the state and as measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments and procedures, in one or more of the following areas: physical development, cognitive development, social or emotional development, adaptive development; and one who, by reason thereof, needs special education and related services.


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R

Re-Enrollment Rate
The total number of students who attended the school and re-enrolled for the following year, divided by the total number of students eligible to re-enroll in the school, multiplied by 100.


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S

SAT-9
The Stanford Achievement Test, 9th Edition (SAT-9) is a standardized, norm-referenced test administered in the District of Columbia’s public and public charter schools each spring. The SAT-9’s performance standards are Below Basic, Basic, Proficient, and Advanced.
 
School Within a School or Charter 
A separate and autonomous school unit that plans and runs its own program, has its own staff and students, and receives its own separate budget. Although it must negotiate the use of common space (gym, auditorium, playground) with a host school, and defer to the building principal on matters of safety and building operation, the school-within-a-school reports to a district official instead of being responsible to the building principal.
 
School Year
The year for a reported school session.
 
Senior High
A general level of instruction classified by state and local practice as senior high, composed of any span of grades not below grad 9 and not above grade 12.
 
Silver Tier
The second and middle tier of the Tiered Rate Reimbursement System.  At this tier facilities have met quality standards above those required at the bronze level.  Quality standards are in the areas of working toward national accreditation, compliance with licensing regulations, staff qualifications and staff training requirements, professional development, parent involvement, consumer satisfaction and environment.
 
Special Education Schools and Centers
A school or center that adapts the curriculum, materials, or instruction for students identified as needing special education. This may include instruction for students with any of the following: autism, deaf-blindness, hearing impairment, mental retardation, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairment, serious emotional disturbance, specific learning disability, speech or language impairment, traumatic brain injury, visual impairment, and other health impairments.
 
STAY
“Schools to Aid Youth.”  STAY schools are alternative career and academic programs for students who have previously dropped out and are returning to school. 
 
Student/ Teacher Ratio
The average number of students in membership as of October 1 of a given school year per full-time classroom teacher serving these students during the same period of time.
 
Subject Area
The number of teachers that teach a stand-alone subject like Art, English, Biology, Physical Education, Algebra, or Music.
 
Subsidized Childcare Program
A program offered to childcare providers by the Department of Human Services, Office of Early Childhood Development. Providers accept "vouchers" to help parents pay for childcare services and are paid directly by the government on behalf of the children who qualify.


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T

Tiered Rate Reimbursement System
The Tiered Rate Reimbursement System (TRRS) refers to the differential reimbursement rates paid by the Department of Human Services Office of Early Childhood Development.  The TRRS is called "Going for the Gold" and has three levels Bronze, Silver and Gold. Each level has criteria that must be met in order to receive the reimbursement rate associated with that level.  The Gold Level is the highest reimbursement rate, the bronze level is the lowest reimbursement rate.  The levels are distinguished by quality standards that include national accreditation, compliance with licensing regulations, staff qualifications and staff training requirements, professional development, parent involvement, consumer satisfaction and environment.


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U

Ungraded
A school or class that is not organized on the basis of grade grouping and has no standard grade designation. This includes regular classes that have no grade designations, special classes for exceptional students who have no grade designations. Such a class is likely to contain students of different ages who, frequently, are identified according to level of performance in one or more areas of instruction rather than according to grade level or age level.
 
Ungraded Student
Individual assigned to class or program that does not have standard grade designations


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V

Vocational School
A public elementary/secondary school that focuses primarily on providing formal preparation for semi-skilled, skilled, technical, or professional occupations for high school-aged students who have opted to develop or expand their employment opportunities, often in lieu of preparing for college entry.


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W

Website Address (URL)
Unique Resource Locator. The unique address of a Web page.


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X



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Y

Yearly Progress under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The No Child Left Behind Act requires that all children be assessed each year in order to show adequate yearly progress in reading and mathematics. Schools must test at least ninety-five percent of the various subgroups of children. Student subgroups are: 1) the School as a Whole; 2) White; 3) Black; 4) Hispanic; 5) Native American; 6) Asian/Pacific Islander; 7) Multiracial; 8) Economically Disadvantaged Students; 9) Limited English Proficient Students; and 10) Students With Disabilities. States must provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities or limited English proficiency.


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Z

Zip Code
The five or nine digit zip code portion of an address.


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